Ship

ABSTRACT

The supposed invention relates to the sphere of shipbuilding, particularly, to the form of a ship, and may be used in all types of ships; the reconstruction of available ships in accordance with the form, suggested in this invention, is also possible without tangible capital investments.  
     The ship has the semi-bottoms, equipped with a keel, which gradually turn into the ship&#39;s sides.  
     The keel and semi-bottoms form equivalent 120° angles in between. Each ship&#39;s side is located in the same plane with the appropriate semi-bottom, whereas the keel&#39;s height is equal to or smaller than the breadth of the semi-bottom and the side, put together.  
     This enables to improve the major navigability qualities of the ship, i.e. stability, buoyancy, and propulsive quality.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The supposed invention relates to the sphere of shipbuilding, and particularly, to the form of a ship, and may be used in all types of ships; the reconstruction of available ships in accordance with the form, suggested in this invention, is also possible without tangible capital investments.

[0002] As it is known, long standing experience in shipbuilding and regular monitoring of fish shapes have shown that the form of a ship should be spindle-shaped and comparatively narrow (See, for instance, “Construction of ship models”, “Shipbuilding” by O. Kurti, published in Russia, translated from the Italian language in the year 1987, page 58, FIG. 51).

[0003] These ships are provided with the right and left semi-bottoms (hereinafter referred to as “semi-bottoms”), bent in accordance with the chosen shape, which turn into the sides, as well as with the keel.

[0004] There are different shapes of semi-bottoms: starting from narrow or acute and ending with wide or rectangular (See the same source, page 58, FIG. 52).

[0005] However, the optimal form of a ship, meeting the major navigability requirements to the maximal extent, i.e. stability, buoyancy, and propulsive quality, has not been found till nowadays.

[0006] There are a lot of auxiliary devices, to be installed in the ship, which, according to the authors thereof, would improve the ship's navigability.

[0007] These devices include the rotating bodies, installed on the ship's sides (patent DT 2462047 A1, Germany), a stabilization plate, installed by the keel (patent application DE 19738215 A1, Germany), complacency plates, and a mechanism for their fastening (patent RU 2059518 C1, Russia).

[0008] The availability of the above-mentioned auxiliary devices, intended for the improvement of navigability, makes the design of a ship and its exploitation more complex and much dependent upon the case, whereas only a superficial effect may be reached; this, actually, turns the availability of the above-mentioned auxiliary devices into the optional one.

[0009] The present supposed invention allows to improve the major navigability qualities of the ship, i.e. stability, buoyancy, and propulsive quality, without applying auxiliary devices.

[0010] The ship's stability. When navigation takes place in the shallow waters, the ship is less faced to a problem, related to its stability. To be more precise, the ship, which occurs mainly in the location with a shallow depth of the aqueous medium, is less affected by the disastrous situation, which arises inside the ship, for instance, an accident, as well as by the disastrous situation, which is caused by the environmental impact, for instance, the storm, rough waters of the surface of the aqueous medium, etc.

[0011] The problem of stability becomes more complex when navigation takes place in the deep waters. To be more precise, the ship, which occurs mainly in the location with a large depth of the aqueous medium, is much more affected by the disastrous situation, which arises inside the ship, for instance, an accident, as well as by the disastrous situation, which is caused by the environmental impact, for instance, the storm, rough waters of the surface of the aqueous medium, etc.

[0012] If a heeling moment arises, the ship's underwater part, including the semi-bottoms, provided with the keel, which turn into the ship's sides, initiates the performance, which is opposite to the performance of the heeling moment, thus, leveling its negative impact.

[0013] This is achieved due to the proper choice of the angle in between the semi-bottoms and location of the sides regarding the above-mentioned semi-bottoms as well as due to the choice of the alignment in between the keel's height on the one hand and the breadth of the semi-bottom and the side on the other hand.

[0014] Buoyancy. As it is knows, every ship is usually provided with the, so called, waterline for the weight-carrying capacity, which is adopted by the corresponding authorities, who supervise navigation and prevent the occurrence of disastrous cases, related to the exploitation of ships. The waterline area of ships, having an acute form of the underwater part, is not large. Therefore, the buoyancy is comparatively small. As a result, the weight-carrying capacity is small too. As the angle, formed by the semi-bottoms, which turn into the sides, increases, the area along the waterline increases too; thus, the buoyancy increases, consequently causing the increase of the weight-carrying capacity.

[0015] After reaching a certain angle in between the semi-bottoms, the area along the waterline reaches its practicable maximal denominator. By further increasing of the above-mentioned angle, the area along the waterline increases. It would seem that the weight-carrying capacity should increase as well, however, the ship fails to meet the technical safety requirements. Thus, it is an optimal value of the angle in between the semi-bottoms, turning into the sides, which ensures the maximal practicable buoyancy and the appropriate weight-carrying capacity without deteriorating the ship's safety.

[0016] Propulsive quality (navigability). In the course of moving, the ship overcomes the resistance of aqueous medium. This resistance is the sum of two components:

[0017] a) friction resistance of the underwater part of the ship against the water; and

[0018] b) the, so called, wave resistance.

[0019] Components, influencing the friction resistance of the ship's underwater part against the aqueous media, include the value (area) of the surface of friction. Absence of special devices, installed on the sides (see, the above-mentioned statements) and intended for the increase of stability, enables to avoid the increase of resistance to the ship's sliding, which is usually created by these devices.

[0020] Due to the suggested alignment of the keel's height on the one hand and the breadth of each semi-bottom and the side on the other hand, the coefficient of the volume of displacement (δ), which, as it is known, is the ratio of the volume of the ship's underwater part towards the volume of the parallelepiped with the sides, equal to the ship's length, breadth and sea gauge. Decrease of the coefficient of the volume of displacement (δ) allows to reduce the wave resistance.

[0021] Thus, the total resistance towards the movement of the ship decreases (the resistance of friction of the ship's underwater part towards the water and the wave resistance) and, consequently, the ship's propulsive quality increases.

[0022] Improvement of stability, buoyancy and propulsive quality (navigability) as a result of a significant modification of the ship, independent of special auxiliary devices, serve as the subject of the present supposed invention.

[0023] Other objects, features, and advantages of the supposed invention shall become apparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered in connection with accompanying illustrative drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In the drawings, which illustrate the best mode, presently contemplated for carrying out the present invention:

[0025]FIG. 1. The general front view of the ship in accordance with the supposed invention.

[0026]FIG. 2. The same, in the perspective.

[0027]FIG. 3. The general view of the fragment of semi-bottoms, equipped with the keel, which turn into the sides, in the perspective.

[0028]FIG. 4. The same schematically, the front view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0029] Ship 1 (FIG. 12), the lower part of which is immersed into the aqueous medium 2, is equipped with semi-bottoms 4, provided with keel 3, which intersect with each other along the central axis 0-0 of the above-mentioned ship and form the “V” shape, turning into the ship's sides 5. Keel 3 and semi-bottoms 4 form equivalent 120 ° angles in between. Sides 5 are located in the same plane with corresponding semi-bottoms 4. The height h of keel 3 is equal to or smaller than the breadth b′ of semi-bottom 4 and the breadth b″ of side 5, taken together (h≦b′+b″). Keel 3 and semi-bottoms 4 are provided with operational surfaces 6 and 7, which contact with aqueous medium 2.

[0030] Thus, creation of the equivalent 120 ° angles in between keel 3 and semi-bottoms 4 and, consequently, in between sides 5, allows to distribute equally the external forces, applied towards the ship, in between the semi-bottoms (and, consequently, in between sides 5) and the keel. Besides, the rehabilitation moment via working surfaces 6 and 7 initiates the performance, which is contrary to the performance of the heeling moment. Thus, the negative impact is being leveled.

[0031] Moreover, the even distribution of external forces, applied to the ship along semi-bottoms 4 and keel 3, is facilitated by the fact that the height h of keel 3 is collated with the breadth b′+b″ of semi-bottom 4 and side 5, put together.

[0032] The smaller the difference in between the height h of keel 3 is on the one hand and the breadth b′+b″ of semi-bottom 4 and side 5 on the other hand, the smaller the degree of appreciable impact of external forces is, as the later are evenly distributed along above-mentioned semi-bottoms 4 and sides 5 together with keel 3, located together with them in the same plane. The variant, in which the height h of keel 3 is equal to the breadth b′+b″ of semi-bottoms 4 and sides 5, located with them in the same plane, put together, is the best one. In this case, semi-bottoms 4 and keel 3 significantly conduce to the appearance of the rehabilitation moment, protecting ship 1 against the heel, disastrous situation, which is created as a result of an accident, which occurs on the ship itself, inside it, or as a result of the performance of external forces, for instance, the storm, rough waters of the surface of the aqueous medium, etc. This is especially urgent for the ships with the increased weight-carrying capacity, for instance, tankers.

[0033] If the navigation takes place in the shallow water locations (near the shores, in the bays), the ship is less faced to the problem of stability.

[0034] If to be precise, the ship, which mainly occurs in comparatively shallow water locations is less vulnerable, if a disastrous situation occurs inside the ship, for instance, an accident, as well as in case of the performance of external forces, for instance, the storm, rough waters of the surface of the aqueous medium, etc.

[0035] Furthermore, as regards the buoyancy, semi-bottoms 4 of ships 1, having the acute shape of the underwater part, form the angle α″ (a dotted line, FIG. 4), their waterline area is not large and, as a result, the weight-carrying capacity is rather small too. As the angle α″, formed by semi-bottoms 4, which turn into sides 5, increases, so the waterline area does and, consequently, the buoyancy increases, and, therefore, the weight-carrying capacity increases as well.

[0036] This is clearly seen in FIG. 4 (a dotted waterline, which coincides with a new level of aqueous medium 2, when ship 1 is additionally loaded. The new level of aqueous medium 2 fluctuates because of the additional load, thus, coming to a safe state. The increase of buoyancy and, consequently, of the weight-carrying capacity takes place without any harm, caused to ship's 1 safety and stability. Its stability (safety) is reached when an equal 120° angle α in between keel 3 and semi-bottoms 4, and, consequently, sides 5 is achieved as well as when the keel's height b and the semi-bottom's breadth b′+b″ and the side, put together, is preserved in accordance with the alignment h≦b′+b″. The increase of the waterline area is possible in conditions of stability, which remains preserved and, consequently, the increase of the buoyancy and, as a result, the increase of the weight-carrying capacity.

[0037] As the angle α increases up to the angle α² (the hatched dotted line, FIG. 4), the waterline area increases. It may seem that the weight-carrying capacity should increase, however the equality of angles in between keel 3 and semi-bottoms 4 and, consequently, sides 5, becomes violated. This leads to the violation of ship's 1 stability and safety.

[0038] On the other hand, when the angle of 120° is reached in between the semi-bottoms and, consequently, the sides, the waterline area may be increased by increasing the breadth b″ of sides 5 (the dotted line, FIG. 4), with taking into consideration the increase of keel's 3 height h. Actually, the variant, in which keel's 3 height is equal to semi-bottom's 4 breadth and side 5, put together (h=b′+b″), is preferable. So as to increase the buoyancy and, consequently, the weight-carrying capacity, the stability should be taken into consideration as welt. When the navigation takes place in the deep water locations, the item of stability becomes very urgent. As regards the buoyancy, the increase of the breadth b″ of sides 5 (in other words, their increase in the supposed ship) may be effected without bringing any harm to its stability.

[0039] If to attempt to abstract from reality, only the bottom of aqueous medium 2, which keel 3 will “lean” against, may serve as the “ceiling” for such an increase of sides 5.

[0040] Furthermore, ship 1 overcomes the resistance of aqueous medium 2 in the course of moving. This resistance is the sum of two components:

[0041] a) The friction resistance of the underwater part of ship 1 against aqueous medium 2, and

[0042] b) The, so called, wave resistance.

[0043] The value of friction area is attributed to the components, which influence the friction resistance of the ship's 1 underwater part against the aqueous medium 2.

[0044] Due to the absence of special devices, to be located on sides 5 to increase the ship's stability, the increase of resistance, which is created by the above-mentioned devices towards the ship's sliding, is avoided. As the height h of keel 3 reaches the breadth of semi-bottoms 4 and sides 5 (b′+b″), the water displacement efficiency ratio δ, which, as it is known, is the ratio of the ship's underwater part volume and the volume of the parallelepiped with the sides, equal to the length, breadth, and sea gauge. The decrease of the water displacement efficiency ratio δ enables to decrease the wave resistance.

[0045] This causes the decrease in total resistance towards the movement of ship I and, consequently, its propulsive quality:

[0046] Thus, due to the fact that the supposed ship contains the semi-bottoms, provided with the keei, which intersect with each other lengthwise the central axis of the above-mentioned ship and form the “V” shape in between, turning into the sides, the keel and semi-bottoms form the equivalent 120 ° angles in between and each of the sides is located in the same plane with the corresponding semi-bottom, whereas the keel's height is equal to or smaller than the semi-bottoms' breadth and the ship's side, put together, the ship's major navigability properties, i.e. stability, buoyancy, and propulsive quality are improved. 

What is claimed is:
 1. The suggested ship includes the semi-bottoms, provided with the keel, which intersect with each other along the central axis of the above-mentioned ship and form the “V” shape, turning into the ship's sides; the above-mentioned keel and the semi-bottoms form the equivalent 120° angles in between.
 2. The suggested ship consists of the semi-bottoms, provided with the keel, which intersect with each other lengthwise the central axis of the above-mentioned ship and for the “V” shape, turning into the ship's sides; the above-mentioned keel and semi-bottoms form the equivalent 120° angles in between, whereas each of the above-mentioned sides is located in the same plane with the corresponding above-mentioned semi-bottoms.
 3. The suggested ship consists of the semi-bottoms, provided with the keel, which intersect with each other lengthwise the central axis of the above-mentioned ship and for the “V” shape, turning into the ship's sides; the above-mentioned keel and semi-bottoms form the equivalent 120° angles in between, whereas each of the above-mentioned sides is located in the same plane with the corresponding above-mentioned semi-bottoms and the height of the above-mentioned keel is equal or smaller than the breadth of the bottom and the sides, put together. 